[Bear\u00adbei\u00adte\u00adtes Zitat \/ Quel\u00adle<\/a>; sie\u00adhe hier\u00adzu auch <\/a>]<\/p>\n The Tor\u00adtu\u00adre 13 exploi\u00adted the fede\u00adral bureau\u00adcra\u00adcy to estab\u00adlish a tor\u00adtu\u00adre r\u00e9gime in two ways. First, they based the enhan\u00adced inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon tech\u00adni\u00adques on tech\u00adni\u00adques used in the U.S. military's Sur\u00advi\u00adval, Eva\u00adsi\u00adon, Resi\u00adstance and Escape (SERE<\/span>) pro\u00adgram. The pro\u00adgram -- which sub\u00adjects vol\u00adun\u00adteers from the armed ser\u00advices to simu\u00adla\u00adted hosti\u00adle cap\u00adtu\u00adre situa\u00adtions -- trains ser\u00advice\u00admen and -women to with\u00adstand coer\u00adci\u00adon well enough to avo\u00adid making fal\u00adse con\u00adfes\u00adsi\u00adons if cap\u00adtu\u00adred. Two reti\u00adred SERE<\/span> psy\u00adcho\u00adlo\u00adgists con\u00adtrac\u00adted with the govern\u00adment to \"rever\u00adse-engi\u00adneer\" the\u00adse tech\u00adni\u00adques to use in detai\u00adnee inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adons. The Tor\u00adtu\u00adre 13 also abu\u00adsed the legal review pro\u00adcess in the Depart\u00adment of Justi\u00adce in order to pro\u00advi\u00adde per\u00admis\u00adsi\u00adon for tor\u00adtu\u00adre. The DOJ<\/span>'s Office of Legal Coun\u00adsel (OLC<\/span>) play\u00aded a cru\u00adcial role. OLC<\/span> pro\u00advi\u00addes inter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adti\u00adons on how laws app\u00adly to the exe\u00adcu\u00adti\u00adve branch. On issues whe\u00adre the law is unclear, like natio\u00adnal secu\u00adri\u00adty, OLC<\/span> opi\u00adni\u00adons can set the boun\u00adda\u00adry for \"legal\" acti\u00advi\u00adty for exe\u00adcu\u00adti\u00adve branch employees. As Jack Golds\u00admith, OLC<\/span> head from 2003 to 2004, explains it, \"One con\u00adse\u00adquence of [OLC<\/span>'s] power to inter\u00adpret the law is the power to bestow on govern\u00adment offi\u00adci\u00adals what is effec\u00adtively an advan\u00adce par\u00addon for actions taken at the edges of vague cri\u00admi\u00adnal sta\u00adtu\u00adtes.\" OLC<\/span> has the power, Golds\u00admith con\u00adti\u00adnues, to dis\u00adpen\u00adse \"get-out-of-jail-free cards.\" The Tor\u00adtu\u00adre 13 exploi\u00adted this power by col\u00adla\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adting on a series of OLC<\/span> opi\u00adni\u00adons that repea\u00adted\u00adly gave U.S. offi\u00adci\u00adals such a \"get-out-of-jail-free card\" for tor\u00adtu\u00adring. Bet\u00adween 9<\/sup>\u204411<\/sub> and the end of 2002, the Tor\u00adtu\u00adre 13 deci\u00added to tor\u00adtu\u00adre, then rever\u00adse-engi\u00adnee\u00adred the tech\u00adni\u00adques, and then craf\u00adted the legal cover. Here's who they are and what they did:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [Bear\u00adbei\u00adte\u00adtes Zitat \/ Quel\u00adle; sie\u00adhe hier\u00adzu auch ] The Tor\u00adtu\u00adre 13 exploi\u00adted the fede\u00adral bureau\u00adcra\u00adcy to estab\u00adlish a tor\u00adtu\u00adre r\u00e9gime in two ways. First, they based the enhan\u00adced inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon tech\u00adni\u00adques on tech\u00adni\u00adques used in the U.S. military's Sur\u00advi\u00adval, Eva\u00adsi\u00adon, Resi\u00adstance and Escape (SERE<\/span>) pro\u00adgram. The pro\u00adgram -- which sub\u00adjects vol\u00adun\u00adteers from the armed ser\u00advices to [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":561,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,1461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-leben","category-lug-trug"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/561"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9151\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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\n 1.
\nDick Che\u00adney<\/em>, vice pre\u00adsi\u00addent (2001\u22122009)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Cheney.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n On the mor\u00adning of 9<\/sup>\u204411<\/sub>, .. Dick Che\u00adney (and) David Adding\u00adton, .. work\u00aded tog\u00ade\u00adther to plot an expan\u00adsi\u00adve grab of exe\u00adcu\u00adti\u00adve power that they clai\u00admed was the cor\u00adrect respon\u00adse to the ter\u00adro\u00adrist thre\u00adat .. (they) also fought bureau\u00adcra\u00adti\u00adcal\u00adly to cons\u00adtruct this tor\u00adtu\u00adre pro\u00adgram. Che\u00adney led the way by con\u00adtrol\u00adling who got access to Pre\u00adsi\u00addent Bush -- and making sure his own views pre\u00adempt\u00aded others .. Most shockin\u00adgly, Che\u00adney is repor\u00adted to have orde\u00adred tor\u00adtu\u00adre hims\u00adelf, even after inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adtors belie\u00adved detai\u00adnees were co\u00f6pe\u00adra\u00adti\u00adve. Sin\u00adce the 2002 OLC<\/span> memo known as \"Bybee Two\" that aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzes tor\u00adtu\u00adre pre\u00admi\u00adses its aut\u00adho\u00adrizati\u00adon for tor\u00adtu\u00adre on the asser\u00adti\u00adon that \"the inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon team is cer\u00adtain that\" the detai\u00adnee \"has addi\u00adtio\u00adnal infor\u00adma\u00adti\u00adon he refu\u00adses to divul\u00adge,\" Che\u00adney appears to have orde\u00adred tor\u00adtu\u00adre that was ille\u00adgal even under the spu\u00adrious gui\u00adde\u00adlines of the memo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2.
\nDavid Adding\u00adton<\/em>, coun\u00adsel to the vice pre\u00adsi\u00addent (2001\u22122005), chief of staff to the vice pre\u00adsi\u00addent (2005\u22122009)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Addington.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n David Adding\u00adton cham\u00adpio\u00adned the fight to argue that the pre\u00adsi\u00addent -- in his role as com\u00adman\u00adder in chief -- could not be bound by any law, inclu\u00adding tho\u00adse pro\u00adhi\u00adbi\u00adting tor\u00adtu\u00adre. .. In par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar, he ran a \"War Coun\u00adcil\" with Jim Hay\u00adnes, John Yoo, John Riz\u00adzo and Alber\u00adto Gon\u00adza\u00adles .. which craf\u00adted and exe\u00adcu\u00adted many of the legal approa\u00adches to the war on ter\u00adror tog\u00ade\u00adther .. Adding\u00adton and Che\u00adney wiel\u00added bureau\u00adcra\u00adtic car\u00adrots and sticks -- nota\u00adb\u00adly by giving .. pro\u00admo\u00adti\u00adons for lawy\u00aders who sup\u00adport\u00aded the\u00adse ille\u00adgal poli\u00adci\u00ades. When Jack Golds\u00admith with\u00addrew a num\u00adber of OLC<\/span> memos becau\u00adse of the legal pro\u00adblems in them, Adding\u00adton was the sole admi\u00adni\u00adstra\u00adti\u00adon lawy\u00ader who defen\u00added them. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 3.
\nAlber\u00adto Gon\u00adza\u00adles<\/em>, White Hou\u00adse coun\u00adsel (2001\u22122005), and att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral (2005\u22122008)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Gonzales.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As White Hou\u00adse coun\u00adsel, Alber\u00adto Gon\u00adza\u00adles was nomi\u00adnal\u00adly in char\u00adge of repre\u00adsen\u00adting the president's views on legal issues, inclu\u00adding natio\u00adnal secu\u00adri\u00adty issues. In that role, Gon\u00adza\u00adles wro\u00adte and review\u00aded a num\u00adber of the legal opi\u00adni\u00adons that attempt\u00aded to immu\u00adni\u00adze tor\u00adtu\u00adre .. in a Jan. 25, 2002, opi\u00adni\u00adon .. Gon\u00adza\u00adles paved the way for exemp\u00adting al-Qai\u00adda detai\u00adnees from the Gen\u00ade\u00adva Con\u00adven\u00adti\u00adons. His memo clai\u00admed the \"new kind of war\" repre\u00adsen\u00adted by the war against al-Qai\u00adda \"ren\u00adders obso\u00adle\u00adte Geneva's strict limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adons on que\u00adstio\u00adning of ene\u00admy prisoners.\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4.
\nJames Mit\u00adchell<\/em>, con\u00adsul\u00adtant
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Mitchell.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n .. James Mit\u00adchell, a reti\u00adred mili\u00adta\u00adry psy\u00adcho\u00adlo\u00adgist, had been a lea\u00adding expert in the military's SERE<\/span> pro\u00adgram. In Decem\u00adber 2001, with his part\u00adner, Bruce Jes\u00adsen, Mit\u00adchell rever\u00adse-engi\u00adnee\u00adred SERE<\/span> tech\u00adni\u00adques to be used to inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adte detai\u00adnees. Then, in the spring of 2002, befo\u00adre OLC<\/span> gave offi\u00adci\u00adal legal appr\u00adoval to tor\u00adtu\u00adre, Mit\u00adchell over\u00adsaw Abu Zubaydah's inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon. An FBI<\/span> agent on the sce\u00adne descri\u00adbes Mit\u00adchell over\u00adsee\u00ading the use of \"bor\u00adder\u00adline tor\u00adtu\u00adre.\" .. Under Mitchell's gui\u00addance, inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adtors used the water\u00adboard with \"far grea\u00adter fre\u00adquen\u00adcy than initi\u00adal\u00adly indi\u00adca\u00adted\" -- a total of 183 times in a month for Kha\u00adlid Sheikh Moham\u00admed and 83 times in a month for Abu Zubaydah.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5.
\nGeor\u00adge Tenet<\/em>, direc\u00adtor of Cen\u00adtral Intel\u00adli\u00adgence (1997\u22122004)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Tenet.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n .. Published reports say Tenet appro\u00adved every detail of the inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon plans: \"Any chan\u00adge in the plan -- even if an extra day of a cer\u00adtain tre\u00adat\u00adment was added -- was signed off on by the Direc\u00adtor.\" .. After appr\u00adoval of the harsh tech\u00adni\u00adques, CIA<\/span> head\u00adquar\u00adters orde\u00adred Abu Zubay\u00addah to be water\u00adboard\u00aded even though onsite inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adtors belie\u00adved Zubay\u00addah was \"com\u00adpli\u00adant.\" .. this addi\u00adtio\u00adnal use of the water\u00adboard was cle\u00adar\u00adly ille\u00adgal accor\u00adding to the memo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6.
\nCon\u00addo\u00adleez\u00adza Rice<\/em>, natio\u00adnal secu\u00adri\u00adty advi\u00adsor (2001\u22122005), secre\u00adta\u00adry of sta\u00adte (2005\u22122008)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Rice.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n .. Rice co\u00f6r\u00addi\u00adna\u00adted much of the administration's inter\u00adnal deba\u00adte over inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon poli\u00adci\u00ades. She appro\u00adved (she now says she \"con\u00advey\u00aded the aut\u00adho\u00adrizati\u00adon\") for the first known offi\u00adci\u00adal\u00adly sanc\u00adtion\u00aded use of tor\u00adtu\u00adre .. The appr\u00adoval from the OLC<\/span> was given oral\u00adly in late July and in writ\u00adten form on Aug. 1, 2002. Rice's appr\u00adoval or \"convey[ance] of aut\u00adho\u00adrizati\u00adon\" led direct\u00adly to the inten\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00aded torture ..<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7.
\nJohn Yoo<\/em>, depu\u00adty assi\u00adstant att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral, OLC<\/span> \/ Office of Legal Coun\u00adsel (2001\u22122003)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Yoo.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As depu\u00adty assi\u00adstant att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral of OLC<\/span> focu\u00adsing on natio\u00adnal secu\u00adri\u00adty for the first year and a half after 9<\/sup>\u204411<\/sub>, Yoo draf\u00adted many of the memos that would estab\u00adlish the tor\u00adtu\u00adre r\u00e9gime, start\u00ading with the opi\u00adni\u00adon clai\u00adming vir\u00adtual\u00adly unli\u00admi\u00adt\u00aded power for the pre\u00adsi\u00addent in times of war. In the ear\u00adly months of 2002, he .. (draf\u00adted) two key memos aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzing torture:
\n - Bybee One (pro\u00advi\u00adding legal cover for tor\u00adtu\u00adre) and
\n - Bybee Two (describ\u00ading the tech\u00adni\u00adques that could be used), both dated Aug. 1, 2002.
\n - The .. memos argue that \"neces\u00adsi\u00adty\" or \"self-defen\u00adse\" might be used as defen\u00adses against pro\u00adse\u00adcu\u00adti\u00adon, even though the United Nati\u00adons Con\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon Against Tor\u00adtu\u00adre expli\u00adci\u00adt\u00adly sta\u00adtes that \"no excep\u00adtio\u00adnal cir\u00adcum\u00adstances whatsoe\u00adver, whe\u00adther a sta\u00adte of war or a thre\u00adat or war ... may be invo\u00adked as a justi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon of tor\u00adtu\u00adre.\" .. the tech\u00adni\u00adques the CIA<\/span> could use in inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon, was pre\u00admi\u00adsed on hot\u00adly deba\u00adted assump\u00adti\u00adons. For exam\u00adp\u00adle, the .. memo clai\u00admed Zubay\u00addah was men\u00adtal\u00adly and phy\u00adsi\u00adcal\u00adly fit to be water\u00adboard\u00aded, even though Zubay\u00addah had had head and recent gunshot inju\u00adries. .. In all of his tor\u00adtu\u00adre memos, Yoo igno\u00adred key pre\u00adce\u00addents rela\u00adting .. to sepa\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon of powers. . \n<\/td><\/tr>\n 8.
\nJay Bybee<\/em>, assi\u00adstant att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral, Office of Legal Coun\u00adsel (2001\u22122003)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Bybee.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As head of the OLC<\/span> when the first tor\u00adtu\u00adre memos were appro\u00adved, Bybee signed the memos named after him that John Yoo draf\u00adted. At the time, the White Hou\u00adse knew that Bybee wan\u00adted an appoint\u00adment as a Cir\u00adcuit Court judge; after sig\u00adning his name to memos sup\u00adport\u00ading tor\u00adtu\u00adre, he recei\u00adved such an appoint\u00adment. Of par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar con\u00adcern is the timing of Bybee's appr\u00adoval of the tor\u00adtu\u00adre tech\u00adni\u00adques. He first appro\u00adved some tech\u00adni\u00adques on July 24, 2002. The next day, Jim Hay\u00adnes, the Defen\u00adse Department's gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel, orde\u00adred the SERE<\/span> unit of DOD<\/span> to coll\u00adect infor\u00adma\u00adti\u00adon inclu\u00adding details on water\u00adboar\u00adding. While the record is con\u00adtra\u00addic\u00adto\u00adry on whe\u00adther Hay\u00adnes or CIA<\/span> Gene\u00adral Coun\u00adsel John Riz\u00adzo gave that infor\u00adma\u00adti\u00adon to OLC<\/span>, on the day they did so, OLC<\/span> appro\u00adved water\u00adboar\u00adding. One of the docu\u00adments in that packet iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00aded the\u00adse actions as tor\u00adtu\u00adre, and sta\u00adted that tor\u00adtu\u00adre often pro\u00addu\u00adced unre\u00adlia\u00adble results<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 9.
\nWil\u00adliam \"Jim\" Hay\u00adnes, Defen\u00adse Depart\u00adment gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel (2001\u22122008)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Haynes.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel of the Defen\u00adse Depart\u00adment, Jim Hay\u00adnes over\u00adsaw the legal ana\u00adly\u00adsis of inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon tech\u00adni\u00adques to be used with mili\u00adta\u00adry detai\u00adnees .. Hay\u00adnes play\u00aded a key role in making sure some of the tech\u00adni\u00adques were adopted, with litt\u00adle review, by the mili\u00adta\u00adry. He was thus cru\u00adcial to the migra\u00adti\u00adon of tor\u00adtu\u00adre to Guan\u00adt\u00e1\u00adna\u00admo and then Iraq<\/em>. In Sep\u00adtem\u00adber 2002, Hay\u00adnes par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adted in a key visit to Guan\u00adt\u00e1\u00adna\u00admo .. Hay\u00adnes igno\u00adred repea\u00adted war\u00adnings from within the armed ser\u00advices about the tech\u00adni\u00adques, inclu\u00adding state\u00adments that the tech\u00adni\u00adques \"may vio\u00adla\u00adte tor\u00adtu\u00adre sta\u00adtu\u00adte\" and \"cross the line of 'huma\u00adne' tre\u00adat\u00adment.\" In Octo\u00adber 2002, when the legal coun\u00adsel for the military's Joint Chiefs of Staff attempt\u00aded to con\u00adduct a tho\u00adrough legal review of the tech\u00adni\u00adques, Hay\u00adnes orde\u00adred her to stop, becau\u00adse \"peo\u00adp\u00adle were going to see\" the objec\u00adtions that some in the mili\u00adta\u00adry had rai\u00adsed. On Nov. 27, 2002, Hay\u00adnes recom\u00admen\u00added that Secre\u00adta\u00adry of Defen\u00adse Donald Rums\u00adfeld aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adze many of the reque\u00adsted tech\u00adni\u00adques, inclu\u00adding stress posi\u00adti\u00adons, hoo\u00adding, the rem\u00adoval of clot\u00adhing, and the use of dogs -- the same tech\u00adni\u00adques that show\u00aded up later in the abu\u00adse at Abu Ghraib.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 10.
\nDonald Rums\u00adfeld, secre\u00adta\u00adry of defen\u00adse (2001\u22122006)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Rumsfeld.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As secre\u00adta\u00adry of defen\u00adse, Rums\u00adfeld signed off on inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon methods used in the mili\u00adta\u00adry, nota\u00adb\u00adly for Abu Ghraib, Bagram Air Force Base and Guan\u00adt\u00e1\u00adna\u00admo Bay. With this appr\u00adoval, the use of tor\u00adtu\u00adre would move from the CIA<\/span> to the mili\u00adta\u00adry. A recent bipar\u00adti\u00adsan Sena\u00adte report con\u00adclu\u00added that \"Secre\u00adta\u00adry of Defen\u00adse Donald Rumsfeld's aut\u00adho\u00adrizati\u00adon of inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon tech\u00adni\u00adques at Guan\u00adt\u00e1\u00adna\u00admo Bay was a direct cau\u00adse of detai\u00adnee abu\u00adse the\u00adre.\"<\/em> Rums\u00adfeld per\u00adso\u00adnal\u00adly appro\u00adved tech\u00adni\u00adques inclu\u00adding the use of pho\u00adbi\u00adas (dogs), forced nudi\u00adty and stress posi\u00adti\u00adons on Dec. 2, 2002, sig\u00adning a one-page memo pre\u00adpared for him by Hay\u00adnes. The\u00adse tech\u00adni\u00adques were among tho\u00adse dee\u00admed tor\u00adtu\u00adre in the Charles Gra\u00adner case and .. the plan used many of the same tech\u00adni\u00adques .. inclu\u00adding sen\u00adso\u00adry depri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adon and \"sleep adjust\u00adment.\" And through it all, Rums\u00adfeld main\u00adtai\u00adned a dis\u00adda\u00adin\u00adful view on the\u00adse tech\u00adni\u00adques, at one point quip\u00adping on a memo appro\u00adving harsh tech\u00adni\u00adques, \"I stand for eight to 10 hours a day. Why is stan\u00adding limi\u00adt\u00aded to four hours?\"<\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 11.
\nJohn Riz\u00adzo, CIA<\/span> depu\u00adty gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel (2002\u22122004), acting gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel of the Cen\u00adtral Intel\u00adli\u00adgence Agen\u00adcy (2001\u22122002, 2004-present)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Rizzo.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n As depu\u00adty gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel and then acting gene\u00adral coun\u00adsel for the CIA<\/span>, John Rizzo's name appears on all of the known OLC<\/span> opi\u00adni\u00adons on tor\u00adtu\u00adre for the CIA<\/span> .. Riz\u00adzo pro\u00advi\u00added a descrip\u00adti\u00adon of water\u00adboar\u00adding using one stan\u00addard, while the OLC<\/span> opi\u00adni\u00adon descri\u00adbed a more mode\u00adra\u00adte stan\u00addard. Signi\u00adfi\u00adcant\u00adly, the descrip\u00adti\u00adon of water\u00adboar\u00adding sub\u00admit\u00adted to OLC<\/span> came from the Defen\u00adse Depart\u00adment .. Riz\u00adzo also pro\u00advi\u00added a docu\u00adment that cal\u00adled enhan\u00adced methods \"tor\u00adtu\u00adre\" and dee\u00admed them unre\u00adlia\u00adble -- yet even with this war\u00adning, Riz\u00adzo still advo\u00adca\u00adted for the CIA<\/span> to get per\u00admis\u00adsi\u00adon to use tho\u00adse techniques. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 12.
\nSte\u00adven Brad\u00adbu\u00adry, prin\u00adci\u00adpal depu\u00adty assi\u00adstant att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral, OLC<\/span> (2004), acting assi\u00adstant att\u00ador\u00adney gene\u00adral, OLC<\/span> (2005\u22122009)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Bradbury.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n In 2004, the CIA<\/span>'s inspec\u00adtor gene\u00adral wro\u00adte a report con\u00adclu\u00adding that the CIA<\/span>'s inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon pro\u00adgram might vio\u00adla\u00adte the Con\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon Against Tor\u00adtu\u00adre. It fell to Acting Assi\u00adstant Att\u00ador\u00adney Gene\u00adral Ste\u00adven Brad\u00adbu\u00adry to wri\u00adte three memos in May 2005 that would dis\u00admiss the con\u00adcerns the IG<\/span> Report rai\u00adsed -- in effect, to affirm the OLC<\/span>'s 2002 memos legi\u00adti\u00admi\u00adzing tor\u00adtu\u00adre. Bradbury's memos noted the ways in which pri\u00ador tor\u00adtu\u00adre had exce\u00ade\u00added the Bybee Two memo: the 183 uses of the water\u00adboard for Kha\u00adlid Sheikh Moham\u00admed in one month, the gal\u00adlon and a half used in water\u00adboar\u00adding, the 20 to 30 times a detai\u00adnee is thrown agains the wall, the 11 days a detai\u00adnee had been made to stay awa\u00adke, the extra ses\u00adsi\u00adons of water\u00adboar\u00adding orde\u00adred from CIA<\/span> head\u00adquar\u00adters even after local inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adtors dee\u00admed Abu Zubay\u00addah to be ful\u00adly com\u00adpli\u00adant. Yet Brad\u00adbu\u00adry does not con\u00adsider it tor\u00adtu\u00adre. He notes the CIA<\/span>'s doc\u00adtors' cau\u00adti\u00adons about the com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00adti\u00adon of using the water\u00adboard with a phy\u00adsi\u00adcal\u00adly fatigued detai\u00adnee, yet in a sepa\u00adra\u00adte memo appro\u00adves the use of sleep depri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adon and water\u00adboa\u00adding in tan\u00addem. He repea\u00adted\u00adly con\u00adce\u00addes that the CIA<\/span>'s inter\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adon tech\u00adni\u00adques as actual\u00adly imple\u00admen\u00adted exce\u00ade\u00added the SERE<\/span> tech\u00adni\u00adques, yet repea\u00adted\u00adly points to the con\u00adnec\u00adtion to SERE<\/span> to argue the methods must be legal. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 13.
\nGeor\u00adge W. Bush, pre\u00adsi\u00addent (2001\u22122009)
\n![](\"http:\/\/www.re-actio.com\/\/a_weblog\/Bilder_05-2009\/13-torture-us\/Bush_jun.jpg\")
<\/a><\/td>\n While Pre\u00adsi\u00addent Bush main\u00adtai\u00adned some distance from the tor\u00adtu\u00adre for years -- Che\u00adney descri\u00adbes him \"basi\u00adcal\u00adly\" aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzing it -- he ser\u00adved as the chief pro\u00adpa\u00adgan\u00addist about its effi\u00adca\u00adcy and neces\u00adsi\u00adty. Most nota\u00adb\u00adly, on Sept. 6, 2006, when Bush first con\u00adfes\u00adsed to the pro\u00adgram, Bush repea\u00adted the claims made to sup\u00adport the Bybee Two memo: that Abu Zubay\u00addah wouldn't talk except by using tor\u00adtu\u00adre. And in 2006, after the CIA<\/span>'s own inspec\u00adtor gene\u00adral had rai\u00adsed pro\u00adblems with the pro\u00adgram, after Ste\u00adven Brad\u00adbu\u00adry had admit\u00adted all the ways that the tor\u00adtu\u00adre pro\u00adgram exce\u00ade\u00added gui\u00adde\u00adlines, Bush still clai\u00admed it was legal. \"[They] were desi\u00adgned to be safe, to com\u00adply with our laws, our Con\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adon and our trea\u00adty obli\u00adga\u00adti\u00adons. The Depart\u00adment of Justi\u00adce review\u00aded the aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzed methods exten\u00adsi\u00adve\u00adly, and deter\u00admi\u00adned them to be lawful.\"<\/em> With this state\u00adment, the decep\u00adti\u00adons and bureau\u00adcra\u00adtic games all came full cir\u00adcle. After all, it was Bush<\/u> who, on Feb. 7, 2002, had declared the Gen\u00ade\u00adva Con\u00adven\u00adti\u00adons wouldn't app\u00adly<\/u> (a view the Supre\u00adme Court ulti\u00adm\u00adate\u00adly rejec\u00adted). Bush's inac\u00adtion in tor\u00adtu\u00adre is as important as his actions<\/em> .. (he) fai\u00adled to ful\u00adfill legal obli\u00adga\u00adti\u00adons to noti\u00adfy Con\u00adgress of the tor\u00adtu\u00adre pro\u00adgram. A Sena\u00adte Intel\u00adli\u00adgence time\u00adline on the tor\u00adtu\u00adre pro\u00adgram makes clear that Con\u00adgress was not briefed on the tech\u00adni\u00adques used in the tor\u00adtu\u00adre pro\u00adgram .. then Hou\u00adse Intel\u00adli\u00adgence ran\u00adking mem\u00adber Jane Har\u00adman shows that she had not yet seen evi\u00addence that Bush had signed off on this poli\u00adcy. This sug\u00adgests Pre\u00adsi\u00addent Bush did not pro\u00advi\u00adde the legal\u00adly requi\u00adred noti\u00adce to Con\u00adgress, vio\u00adla\u00adting Natio\u00adnal Secu\u00adri\u00adty Decis\u00adi\u00adons Direc\u00adti\u00adve-286. What Bush did not say is as legal\u00adly important as what he did say. <\/em> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n Yet, ulti\u00adm\u00adate\u00adly, Bush and wha\u00adte\u00adver appr\u00adoval he gave the pro\u00adgram is at the cen\u00adter of the administration's embrace of tor\u00adtu\u00adre. Con\u00addo\u00adleez\u00adza Rice recent\u00adly said, \"By defi\u00adni\u00adti\u00adon, if it was aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzed by the pre\u00adsi\u00addent, it did not vio\u00adla\u00adte our obli\u00adga\u00adti\u00adons in the Con\u00adven\u00adti\u00adon Against Tor\u00adtu\u00adre.<\/em>\" While Rice has tried to reframe her state\u00adment, it uses the same logic used by John Yoo and David Adding\u00adton to justi\u00adfy the pro\u00adgram, the shocking cla\u00adim that inter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal and dome\u00adstic laws can\u00adnot bind the pre\u00adsi\u00addent in times of war.
\n
\nBush's clo\u00adse allies still insist if he aut\u00adho\u00adri\u00adzed it, it couldn't be torture. <\/em>
\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"